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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Coevolution of genes and languages revisited.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cavalli Sforza, L L" sort="Cavalli Sforza, L L" uniqKey="Cavalli Sforza L" first="L L" last="Cavalli-Sforza">L L Cavalli-Sforza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minch, E" sort="Minch, E" uniqKey="Minch E" first="E" last="Minch">E. Minch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mountain, J L" sort="Mountain, J L" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="J L" last="Mountain">J L Mountain</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">1608971</idno>
<idno type="pmc">49344</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49344</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:49344</idno>
<date when="1992">1992</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Coevolution of genes and languages revisited.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Cavalli Sforza, L L" sort="Cavalli Sforza, L L" uniqKey="Cavalli Sforza L" first="L L" last="Cavalli-Sforza">L L Cavalli-Sforza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minch, E" sort="Minch, E" uniqKey="Minch E" first="E" last="Minch">E. Minch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mountain, J L" sort="Mountain, J L" uniqKey="Mountain J" first="J L" last="Mountain">J L Mountain</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="1992">1992</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In an earlier paper it was shown that linguistic families of languages spoken by a set of 38 populations associate rather strongly with an evolutionary tree of the same populations derived from genetic data. While the correlation was clearly high, there was no evaluation of statistical significance; no such test was available at the time. This gap has now been filled by adapting to this aim a procedure based on the consistency index, and the level of significance is found to be much stronger than 10(-3). Possible reasons for coevolution of strictly genetic characters and the strictly cultural linguistic system are discussed briefly. Results of this global analysis are compared with those obtained in independent local analysis.</p>
<sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title>
<fig id="F1"><graphic xlink:href="pnas01086-0430-a" xlink:role="5622"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id>
<journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">1608971</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">49344</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Coevolution of genes and languages revisited.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cavalli-Sforza</surname>
<given-names>L L</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Minch</surname>
<given-names>E</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mountain</surname>
<given-names>J L</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Genetics, Stanford University 94305.</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>1992</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>89</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>5620</fpage>
<lpage>5624</lpage>
<abstract><p>In an earlier paper it was shown that linguistic families of languages spoken by a set of 38 populations associate rather strongly with an evolutionary tree of the same populations derived from genetic data. While the correlation was clearly high, there was no evaluation of statistical significance; no such test was available at the time. This gap has now been filled by adapting to this aim a procedure based on the consistency index, and the level of significance is found to be much stronger than 10(-3). Possible reasons for coevolution of strictly genetic characters and the strictly cultural linguistic system are discussed briefly. Results of this global analysis are compared with those obtained in independent local analysis.</p>
<sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title>
<fig id="F1"><graphic xlink:href="pnas01086-0430-a" xlink:role="5622"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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