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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</title><author><name sortKey="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" sort="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" uniqKey="Perez Luque A" first="Antonio Jesús" last="Pérez-Luque">Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barea Azc N, Jose Miguel" sort="Barea Azc N, Jose Miguel" uniqKey="Barea Azc N J" first="José Miguel" last="Barea-Azc N">José Miguel Barea-Azc N</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"><addr-line>Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (Junta de Andalucía), C/ Joaquina Egüaras 10, E-18013, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Ruiz, Lola" sort="Alvarez Ruiz, Lola" uniqKey="Alvarez Ruiz L" first="Lola" last="Álvarez-Ruiz">Lola Álvarez-Ruiz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonet Garcia, Francisco Javier" sort="Bonet Garcia, Francisco Javier" uniqKey="Bonet Garcia F" first="Francisco Javier" last="Bonet-García">Francisco Javier Bonet-García</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora, Regino" sort="Zamora, Regino" uniqKey="Zamora R" first="Regino" last="Zamora">Regino Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26865820</idno><idno type="pmc">4740854</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4740854</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4740854</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.552.6934</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000040</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000040</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</title><author><name sortKey="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" sort="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" uniqKey="Perez Luque A" first="Antonio Jesús" last="Pérez-Luque">Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barea Azc N, Jose Miguel" sort="Barea Azc N, Jose Miguel" uniqKey="Barea Azc N J" first="José Miguel" last="Barea-Azc N">José Miguel Barea-Azc N</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3"><addr-line>Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (Junta de Andalucía), C/ Joaquina Egüaras 10, E-18013, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Ruiz, Lola" sort="Alvarez Ruiz, Lola" uniqKey="Alvarez Ruiz L" first="Lola" last="Álvarez-Ruiz">Lola Álvarez-Ruiz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonet Garcia, Francisco Javier" sort="Bonet Garcia, Francisco Javier" uniqKey="Bonet Garcia F" first="Francisco Javier" last="Bonet-García">Francisco Javier Bonet-García</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora, Regino" sort="Zamora, Regino" uniqKey="Zamora R" first="Regino" last="Zamora">Regino Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2"><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ZooKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1313-2989</idno><idno type="eISSN">1313-2970</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p>In this data paper, a dataset of passerine bird communities is described in Sierra Nevada, a Mediterranean high mountain located in southern Spain. The dataset includes occurrence data from bird surveys conducted in four representative ecosystem types of Sierra Nevada from 2008 to 2015. For each visit, bird species numbers as well as distance to the transect line were recorded. A total of 27847 occurrence records were compiled with accompanying measurements on distance to the transect and animal counts. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>All records are of species in the order <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Passeriformes</named-content></named-content>. Records of 16 different families and 44 genera were collected. Some of the taxa in the dataset are included in the European Red List. This dataset belongs to the <abbrev><def><p>Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory </p></def>(OBSNEV)</abbrev>, a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aspizua, R" uniqKey="Aspizua R">R Aspizua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonet, Fj" uniqKey="Bonet F">FJ Bonet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora, R" uniqKey="Zamora R">R Zamora</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Fj" uniqKey="Sanchez F">FJ Sánchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cano Manuel, Fj" uniqKey="Cano Manuel F">FJ Cano-Manuel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henares, I" uniqKey="Henares I">I Henares</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aspizua, R" uniqKey="Aspizua R">R Aspizua</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ZooKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26865820</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4740854</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.552.6934</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Data Paper</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-Luque</surname><given-names>Antonio Jesús</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barea-Azcón</surname><given-names>José Miguel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Álvarez-Ruiz</surname><given-names>Lola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonet-García</surname><given-names>Francisco Javier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamora</surname><given-names>Regino</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua, Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (Junta de Andalucía), C/ Joaquina Egüaras 10, E-18013, Granada, Spain</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque (<email xlink:type="simple">ajperez@ugr.es</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: George Sangster</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><issue>552</issue><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque, José Miguel Barea-Azcón, Lola Álvarez-Ruiz, Francisco Javier Bonet-García, Regino Zamora</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/48FE5FFB-32B1-44A2-8B1F-119291D34176">http://zoobank.org/48FE5FFB-32B1-44A2-8B1F-119291D34176</self-uri><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p>In this data paper, a dataset of passerine bird communities is described in Sierra Nevada, a Mediterranean high mountain located in southern Spain. The dataset includes occurrence data from bird surveys conducted in four representative ecosystem types of Sierra Nevada from 2008 to 2015. For each visit, bird species numbers as well as distance to the transect line were recorded. A total of 27847 occurrence records were compiled with accompanying measurements on distance to the transect and animal counts. <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>All records are of species in the order <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Passeriformes</named-content></named-content>. Records of 16 different families and 44 genera were collected. Some of the taxa in the dataset are included in the European Red List. This dataset belongs to the <abbrev><def><p>Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory </p></def>(OBSNEV)</abbrev>, a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area.</p></abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd>Passerines</kwd><kwd>Sierra Nevada (Spain)</kwd><kwd>global-change monitoring</kwd><kwd>Mediterranean high mountain</kwd><kwd>species composition</kwd><kwd>abundance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><sec sec-type="Citation"><title>Citation</title><p>Pérez-Luque AJ, Barea-Azcón JM, Álvarez-Ruiz L, Bonet-García FJ, Zamora R (2016) Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). ZooKeys 552: 137–154. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.3897/zookeys.552.6934">10.3897/zookeys.552.6934</ext-link></p></sec><sec sec-type="Resource citation"><title>Resource citation</title><p>iEcolab, University of Granada-Andalusian Environmental Center (Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research) (2015) Passerine bird communities in a high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain). 27847 data records. Contributed by University of Granada, OBSNEV, Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Archila Gallegos F, Arias Navarro A, Barea-Azcón JM, Bueno de la Rosa V, Cobos L, Contreras Parody F, Debén Duarte C, Foronda J, Galdo Fuentes P, Hernández Soto I, Lopera E, López Martínez A, López-Sanjuán R, Lozano Rubio AJ, Marín Escribano JM, Martín Jaramillo J, Martos García C, Morillas Fernández D, Pulido Poyal C, Rodríguez G. Online at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=passerine">http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=passerine</ext-link> (doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.15468/ow9noo)">10.15468/ow9noo)</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.obsnev.es/noticia.html?id=7854">http://www.obsnev.es/noticia.html?id=7854</ext-link>, version 1.0 (last updated on 2015-04-01). Resource ID: GBIF Key: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.org/dataset/bb1c7420-fbb5-46e2-87ad-658081360694">http://www.gbif.org/dataset/bb1c7420-fbb5-46e2-87ad-658081360694</ext-link></p></sec></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title><p>Birds are among the most suitable groups of organisms for assessing species vulnerability to climate change (<xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">Pacifi et al. 2015</xref>). There is scientific evidence of the impact of climate change on bird communities (<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">Crick 2004</xref>, <xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">Pearce-Higgins and Green 2014</xref>, <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Pearce-Higgins et al. 2015</xref>). Most studies supporting such impacts are based on long-term datasets (e.g. <xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">Gregory et al. 2009</xref>). Long-term datasets have been recognized as a key component for monitoring biodiversity (<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">Magurran et al. 2010</xref>), and are considered one of the major requirements to identify changes in phenology (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Sanz 2002</xref>). However, long-term monitoring programs are often difficult to develop. In this sense, reviewing old studies can help to integrate short-term studies into long-term datasets, providing a potential source of data to assess changes in ecological communities (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Sanz 2002</xref>, <xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Müller et al. 2010</xref>). This is relevant for the Mediterranean region, where more bird studies as well as available long-term datasets (<xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Sanz 2002</xref>) are needed, especially considering that predicted levels in species richness have shown a sharp decrease in the southern regions of Europe (<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">Barbet-Massin et al. 2012</xref>).</p><p>In this paper, a dataset of passerine bird communities is described from Sierra Nevada, a Mediterranean high mountain region in southern Spain. The dataset comes from Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (<abbrev xlink:title="Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory">OBSNEV</abbrev>), a monitoring programme designed to evaluate the potential impacts of global change in this mountain area. Monitoring methodologies of the <abbrev xlink:title="Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory">OBSNEV</abbrev> include revisiting old plots to assess long-term population trends, changes in phenology, and shifts in community composition, among other parameters.</p><p>Studies of bird communities in the Sierra Nevada mountain region go back to the 1850s, with the first published records of field observations recorded by ornithologists (<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Pleguezuelos 1991</xref>, <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Garzón 2012</xref>). A recent review of the birds in the Sierra Nevada was made by <xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">Garzón and Henares (2012)</xref>. All these works include passerines, but specific studies focusing specifically on passerine bird communities on this mountain region were conducted during the 1980s (<xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Zamora and Camacho 1984</xref>, <xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">Zamora 1987a</xref>, <xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">1987b</xref>, <xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">1988a</xref>, <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">1988b</xref>, <xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">1990</xref>). The dataset presented here contributes knowledge about the passerines in this area, enabling assessments of population trends (e.g. <xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">Zamora and Barea-Azcón 2015</xref>).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec><sec><title>Project details</title><p><bold>Project title</bold>: Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (<abbrev xlink:title="Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory">OBSNEV</abbrev>)</p><p><bold>Personnel</bold>: Regino Jesús Zamora Rodríguez (Scientific Coordinator, Principal Investigator, University of Granada); Francisco Javier Sánchez Gutiérrez (Director of the Sierra Nevada National Park and Natural Park).</p><p><bold>Funding</bold>: Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is funded by the Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (Junta de Andalucía) through the European Union (FEDER project) and by the Spanish Government (via "Fundación Biodiversidad", which is a Public Foundation). Some activities undertaken by the <abbrev xlink:title="Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory">OBSNEV</abbrev> (data analysis, quantification of ecosystem services, harmonization of monitoring methods, integration in major cyberinfrastructures, etc.) are funded by the European Commission under different projects (FP7: EU BON; H2020: eLTER, ECOPOTENTIAL; Life: ADAPTAMED).</p><p><bold>Study area description</bold>: Sierra Nevada (Andalusia, SE Spain), is a mountainous region covering more than 2000 km<sup>2</sup> with an altitudinal range of between 860 m and 3482 m a.s.l. (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>). The climate is Mediterranean, characterized by cold winters and hot summers, with pronounced summer drought (July-August). The annual average temperature decreases in altitude from 12–16°C below 1500 m to 0°C above 3000 m a.s.l., and the annual average precipitation is about 600 mm. Additionally, the complex orography of the mountains causes sharp climatic contrasts between the sunny, dry south-facing slopes and the shaded, wetter north-facing slopes. Annual precipitation ranges from less than 250 mm in the lowest parts of the mountain range to more than 700 mm in the summit areas. Winter precipitation is mainly in the form of snow above 2000 m a.s.l.</p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p><bold>a</bold> Location of Sierra Nevada (southern Spain) and <bold>b</bold> distribution of transects in the Protected Natural Area of Sierra Nevada. Transect colour according to habitat type (see Methods section). A Landsat 5 Image (2001) was used as background.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_72995.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-552-137-g001"></graphic></fig><p>This mountain area harbours 27 habitat types from the Habitat Directive. Sierra Nevada protected area contains at least 78 animal species (48 breeding birds, 17 mammals, 7 invertebrates, 2 amphibians and 4 reptiles) and 13 plant species listed in the Annex II and/or in the Annex IV of Habitat Directive or Annex I or Annex II of Bird Directive. It is thus considered one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean region (<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Blanca 1996</xref>, <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Blanca et al. 1998</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Cañadas et al. 2014</xref>).</p><p>Sierra Nevada receives legal protection in multiple ways, including Biosphere Reserve MAB Committee UNESCO; Special Area of conservation (Natura 2000 network); Natural Park and National Park; and IBA (Important Bird Area). The area includes 61 municipalities with more than 90, 000 inhabitants. The main economic activities are agriculture, tourism, livestock raising, beekeeping, mining, and skiing (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Bonet et al. 2010</xref>).</p><p><bold>Design description</bold>: <abbrev><def><p>Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory </p></def>(OBSNEV)</abbrev> (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Bonet et al. 2011</xref>) is a long-term research project that is being undertaken at Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve (SE Spain). It is intended to compile the information necessary for identifying as early as possible the impacts of global change, in order to design adequate management mechanisms to minimize these impacts and enable the system to adapt to new environmental conditions (<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Aspizua et al. 2010</xref>, <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Bonet et al. 2010</xref>). The general objectives are to:</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p>Evaluate the functioning of ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada Nature Reserve, their natural processes and dynamics over a medium-term timescale.</p><p>Identify population dynamics, phenological changes, and conservation issues regarding key species that could be considered indicators of ecological processes.</p><p>Identify the impact of global change on monitored species, ecosystems, and natural resources, providing an overview of trends of change that could help foster ecosystem resilience.</p><p>Design mechanisms to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of management activities performed in the Sierra Nevada in order to implement an adaptive management framework.</p><p>Help to disseminate information of general interest concerning the values and importance of Sierra Nevada.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p>The Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory has four cornerstones:</p><p>A monitoring programme with 40 methodologies that collect information on ecosystem functioning (<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Aspizua et al. 2012</xref>, <xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>).</p><p>An information system to store and manage all the information gathered (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://obsnev.es/linaria.html">http://obsnev.es/linaria.html</ext-link> - <xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">Pérez-Pérez et al. 2012</xref>; Free access upon registration).</p><p>A plan to promote adaptive management of natural resources using the data amassed through the monitoring programme.</p><p>An outreach programme to disseminate all the available information to potential users (see News Portal of the project at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://obsnev.es">http://obsnev.es</ext-link> and the wiki of the project at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://wiki.obsnev.es">http://wiki.obsnev.es</ext-link>, <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">Pérez-Luque et al. 2012</xref>)</p><p>The Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is linked to other national (<xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">Zamora and Bonet 2011</xref>) and international monitoring networks: GLOCHAMORE (Global Change in Mountain Regions) (<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Björnsen 2005</xref>), GLOCHAMOST (Global Change in Mountain Sites) (<xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">Schaaf 2009</xref>), LTER-Spain (Long-Term Ecological Research), LifeWatch (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Basset and Los 2012</xref>), etc. This project is also involved in several European projects such as MS-MONINA (FP7 project. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ms-monina.eu">www.ms-monina.eu</ext-link>), EU BON (<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Hoffmann et al. 2014</xref>), eLTER (H2020 project. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.lter-europe.net/projects/eLTER">www.lter-europe.net/projects/eLTER</ext-link>), ECOPOTENTIAL (H2020 project. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ecopotential-project.eu/">www.ecopotential-project.eu/</ext-link>) and ADAPTAMED (Life project).</p></sec><sec><title>Taxonomic coverage</title><p>This dataset includes a total of 27847 records of the order <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Passeriformes</named-content></named-content> with 16 families represented (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>). Nearly one third of the specimens belong to the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Fringillidae</named-content></named-content>. A total of 44 genera are represented in this collection, with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Emberiza</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cyanistes</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Fringilla</named-content></named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Parus</named-content></named-content></italic> having the highest number of records (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>). Of this dataset 70 species appear in the European Red List (<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">BirdLife International 2015</xref>): 67 are categorized as Least Concern, 2 is considered Near Threatened, and 1 is considered as Vulnerable (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>). According to the Spanish Red List (<xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">Madroño et al. 2004</xref>), 3 species in this dataset are placed in the Near Threatened category, 1 is listed as Vulnerable and 1 as Least Concern (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">1</xref>).</p><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>Taxonomic families included in the dataset. The bars show the percentage of records belonging to each family.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_72996.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-552-137-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Distribution of records in the dataset according to genus.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_72997.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-552-137-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>Conservation status of the species included in this dataset.v</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0EXPBG"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scientific name</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Red List <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TN1"><sup>a</sup></xref></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spanish Red List <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TN2"><sup>b</sup></xref></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Birds Directive <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TN3"><sup>c</sup></xref></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spanish Name <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TN4"><sup>d</sup></xref></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">English Name <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TN5"><sup>e</sup></xref></th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Aegithalos</named-content><named-content content-type="species">caudatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mito común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Long-tailed Tit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Alauda</named-content><named-content content-type="species">arvensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alondra común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Skylark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Anthus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">campestris</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bisbita campestre</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tawny Pipit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Anthus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">spinoletta</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bisbita alpino</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Water Pipit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Carduelis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cannabina</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">II</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pardillo común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Linnet</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Carduelis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">carduelis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jilguero europeo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Goldfinch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Carduelis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">chloris</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Verderón común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Greenfinch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Carduelis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">spinus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jilguero lúgano</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Siskin</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Certhia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brachydactyla</named-content></named-content></italic> CL Brehm, 1820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Agateador europeo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short-toed Treecreeper</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cinclus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cinclus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mirlo acuático europeo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">White-throated Dipper</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Coccothraustes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">coccothraustes</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Picogordo común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hawfinch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corvus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corax</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cuervo grande</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northern Raven</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corvus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">monedula</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grajilla occidental</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Western Jackdaw</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cyanistes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">caeruleus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Herrerillo común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Blue Tit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Emberiza</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cia</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1766</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Escribano montesino</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rock Bunting</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Emberiza</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cirlus</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1766</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Escribano soteño</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cirl Bunting</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Emberiza</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hortulana</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Escribano hortelano</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ortolan Bunting</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Erithacus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rubecula</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Petirrojo europeo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Robin</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Fringilla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">coelebs</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinzón vulgar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Chaffinch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Fringilla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">montifringilla</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pinzón real</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brambling</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Galerida</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cristata</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cogujada común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crested Lark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Galerida</named-content><named-content content-type="species">theklae</named-content></named-content></italic> (CL Brehm,1858)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cogujada montesina</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Thekla Lark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Garrulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">glandarius</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Arrendajo euroasiático</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Jay</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hippolais</named-content><named-content content-type="species">polyglotta</named-content></named-content></italic> (Vieillot, 1817)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zarcero políglota</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Melodious Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lanius</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meridionalis</named-content></named-content></italic> Temminck, 1820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Vulnerable">VU</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcaudón norteño</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Great Grey Shrike</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lanius</named-content><named-content content-type="species">senator</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Near Threatened">NT</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcaudón común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Woodchat Shrike</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lophophanes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cristatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Herrerillo capuchino</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Crested Tit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Loxia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">curvirostra</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Piquituerto común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Red Crossbill</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lullula</named-content><named-content content-type="species">arborea</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alondra Totovía</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Woodlark</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Luscinia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">megarhynchos</named-content></named-content></italic> CL Brehm, 1831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ruiseñor común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Nightingale</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Miliaria</named-content><named-content content-type="species">calandra</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Escribano triguero</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Corn Bunting</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Monticola</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saxatilis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1766)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Roquero rojo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Rock Thrush</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Motacilla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alba</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lavandera blanca</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">White Wagtail</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Motacilla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cinerea</named-content></named-content></italic> Tunstall, 1771</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lavandera cascadeña</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grey Wagtail</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Muscicapa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">striata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pallas, 1764)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papamoscas gris</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spotted Flycatcher</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oenanthe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hispanica</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Near Threatened">NT</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Collalba rubia</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Black-eared Wheatear</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oenanthe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">oenanthe</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Collalba gris</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northern Wheatear</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oriolus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">oriolus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oropéndola europea</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Golden Oriole</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Parus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">major</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carbonero común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Great Tit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Passer</named-content><named-content content-type="species">domesticus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gorrión común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">House Sparrow</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Periparus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ater</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carbonero garrapinos</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coal Tit</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Petronia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">petronia</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1766)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gorrión chillón</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rock Sparrow</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phoenicurus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ochruros</named-content></named-content></italic> (SG Gmelin, 1774)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Colirrojo tizón</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Black Redstart</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phoenicurus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoenicurus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Vulnerable">VU</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Colirrojo real</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Redstart</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phylloscopus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bonelli</named-content></named-content></italic> (Vieillot, 1819)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mosquitero papialbo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Western Bonelli’s Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phylloscopus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">collybita</named-content></named-content></italic> (Vieillot, 1817)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mosquitero común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Chiffchaff</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pica</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pica</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Urraca común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Magpie</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Prunella</named-content><named-content content-type="species">collaris</named-content></named-content></italic> (Scopoli, 1769)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acentor alpino</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alpine Accentor</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Prunella</named-content><named-content content-type="species">modularis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acentor común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dunnock</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pyrrhocorax</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pyrrhocorax</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Near Threatened">NT</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chova piquirroja</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Red-billed Chough</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Regulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ignicapillus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Temminck, 1820)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reyezuelo listado</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Firecrest</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Saxicola</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rubetra</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tarabilla norteña</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whinchat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Saxicola</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rubicola</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1766)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tarabilla común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">African Stonechat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Serinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">citrinella</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pallas, 1764)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Verderón serrano</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Citril Finch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Serinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">serinus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1766)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Serín Verdecillo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">European Serin</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sitta</named-content><named-content content-type="species">europaea</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trepador azul</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Nuthatch</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sturnus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">unicolor</named-content></named-content></italic> Temminck, 1820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Estornino negro</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spotless Starling</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">atricapilla</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca capirotada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Blackcap</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cantillans</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pallas, 1764)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca carrasqueña</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Subalpine Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">communis</named-content></named-content></italic> Latham, 1787</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca zarcera</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Whitethroat</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">conspicillata</named-content></named-content></italic> Temminck, 1820</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca tomillera</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spectacled Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">melanocephala</named-content></named-content></italic> (Gmelin, 1789)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca cabecinegra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sardinian Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">undata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Boddaert, 1783)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Near Threatened">NT</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curruca rabilarga</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dartford Warbler</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Troglodytes</named-content><named-content content-type="species">troglodytes</named-content></named-content></italic> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Chochín común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eurasian Wren</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iliacus</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Near Threatened">NT</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zorzal alirrojo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Redwing</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">merula</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mirlo común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Common Blackbird</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">philomelos</named-content></named-content></italic> CL Brehm, 1831</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zorzal común</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Song Thrush</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pilaris</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zorzal real</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fieldfare</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">torquatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mirlo capiblanco</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ring Ouzel</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">viscivorus</named-content></named-content></italic> Linnaeus, 1758</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Least Concern">LC</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><abbrev xlink:title="Not Evaluated">NE</abbrev></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">IIB</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zorzal charlo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mistle Thrush</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TN1"><label>a</label><p>European Red List of Birds (<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">BirdLife International 2015</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="TN2"><label>b</label><p>Red Book of the birds of Spain (<xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">Madroño et al. 2004</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="TN3"><label>c</label><p>Species included in the Birds Directive Annexes (<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">EC 1979</xref>)</p></fn><fn id="TN4"><label>d</label><p>Spanish common names (<xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">Gutiérrez et al. 2012</xref>, <xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">De Juana et al. 2004</xref>, <xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>, <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>, <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">2009a</xref>, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2009b</xref>, <xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">2010a</xref>, <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">2010b</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="TN5"><label>e</label><p>English common names (<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">Gill and Donsker 2015</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="TN6"><p><abbrev>LC
<def><p>: Least Concern</p></def></abbrev>; <abbrev>NE<def><p>: Not Evaluated</p></def></abbrev>; <abbrev>NT<def><p>: Near Threatened</p></def></abbrev>; <abbrev>VU<def><p>: Vulnerable</p></def></abbrev>.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec><title>Taxonomic ranks</title><p>Kingdom: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></named-content></p><p>Phylum: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="phylum">Chordata</named-content></named-content></p><p>Subphylum: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="class">Craniata</named-content></named-content></p><p>Class: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="class">Aves</named-content></named-content></p><p>Order: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="order">Passeriformes</named-content></named-content></p><p>Family: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Aegithalidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Alaudidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Certhiidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Cinclidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Corvidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Fringillidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Laniidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Motacillidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Muscicapidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Paridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Passeridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Phylloscopidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Sittidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Sturnidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Sylviidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Turdidae</named-content></named-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
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<p>Genus: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Aegithalos</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Alauda</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Anthus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Carduelis</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Certhia</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cinclus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Coccothraustes</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corvus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cyanistes</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Emberiza</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Erithacus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Fringilla</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Galerida</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Garrulus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hippolais</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lanius</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lophophanes</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Loxia</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lullula</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Luscinia</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Miliaria</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Monticola</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Motacilla</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Muscicapa</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oenanthe</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oriolus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Parus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Passer</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Periparus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Petronia</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phoenicurus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Phylloscopus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pica</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Prunella</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pyrrhocorax</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Regulus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Saxicola</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Serinus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sitta</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Spinus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sturnus</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sylvia</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Troglodytes</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Turdus</named-content></named-content></italic></p></sec><sec><title>Spatial coverage</title><p><bold>Bounding box for covered area</bold>: 36°52’12”N and 37°15’36”N Latitude; 3°41’24”W and 2°33’36”W Longitude</p><p><bold>Temporal coverage</bold>: Observations in the collection included in this data paper date from March 2008 to April 2015 (Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>).</p><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p>Temporal coverage of the dataset. For each taxon (y-axis) the temporal coverage is shown including a point. Point size is proportional to monthly records of each taxon.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_72998.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-552-137-g004"></graphic></fig><p><bold>Collection name</bold>: Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</p><p><bold>Collection identifier</bold>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resourcve?r=passerine">http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resourcve?r=passerine</ext-link></p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p><bold>Study extent description</bold>: This dataset covers four representative habitats within the Sierra Nevada mountain range: Pyrenean oak forest, thorny thickets on the edge of the forest, common juniper and Spanish juniper scrublands, and high-summit ecosystems. These ecosystems were selected based on criteria of singularity and ecological functionality in the context of Sierra Nevada (<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Barea-Azcón et al. 2012</xref>, <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>) and can be described as follows:</p><p>Pyrenean oak forest: Mediterranean woodland composed mainly of relict <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quercus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pyrenaica</named-content></named-content></italic> and some dominant scrubland species (i.e. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Berberis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hispanica</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Prunus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ramburii</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rosa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">canina</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Crataegus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">monogyna</named-content></named-content> and Adenocarpus decorticans</italic>). These forests show strong evidence of past management that has determined their current structure and diversity. This management is based on mainly charcoal production, pastureland creation, and wood harvesting until the 1950s, so that the current trees are mostly resprouts of individuals 60 to 70 years old. The target localities (<italic>n</italic>=<italic>4</italic>) are located at an average elevation of 1650 m a.s.l. (1600-1750 m a.s.l.) and are distributed in the southern, western, northern, and eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada, reflecting all the ecological conditions of the Pyrenean oak forests in the study area (<xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">Pérez-Luque et al. 2013</xref>).</p><p>Thorny scrubs: Typical areas dominated by thorny thickets on the edge of the forest or as result of recent colonization of abandoned arable lands. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Berberis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hispanica</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Prunus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ramburii</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rosa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">canina</named-content></named-content></italic>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Crataegus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">monogyna</named-content></named-content></italic> are dominant but accompanied by other species such as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Lonicera</named-content><named-content content-type="species">arborea</named-content></named-content></italic> or even <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sorbus</named-content></named-content></italic> spp. This open habitat is very important for breeding birds in the study area and <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>also for winter-visiting species due to a great production of fruits from the end of the summer to the beginning of winter. Transects (<italic>n</italic>=<italic>4</italic>) in this habitat are located between 1450 and 2060 m a.s.l. (average: 1790 m a.s.l.).</p><p>Common juniper and Spanish juniper scrublands: vegetation in these localities is composed mainly of common juniper (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Juniperus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">communis</named-content></named-content></italic>), Spanish juniper (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Juniperus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sabina</named-content></named-content></italic>). <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Cytisus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">galianoi</named-content></named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Genista</named-content><named-content content-type="species">baetica</named-content></named-content></italic> are also im<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>portant species in these ecosystems. These scrublands rarely exceed 60 cm in height and appear intermingled with rocks and stony ground. Transects (<italic>n</italic>=<italic>4</italic>) located in this ecosystems cover an elevational range from 2000 to 2300 m a.s.l. (average: 2150 m a.s.l.).</p><p>High-summit ecosystems: composed by typical Alpine landscape. These ecosystems are characterized by rocky outcrops that originated from glacial activity, pastureland, small snow beds, and glacial lagoons. The four transects representing this Mediterranean high-mountain habitat span an elevational gradient from 2280 to 3100 m a.s.l., with an average elevation of 2580 m a.s.l.</p><p><bold>Sampling description</bold>: The sampling procedure was the line-transect method (<xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">Verner 1985</xref>), with a bandwidth of 100 m, with 50 m on each side of the line (<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Barea-Azcón et al. 2014</xref>). Each 50 m band was divided into five ranges parallel to the line transect (comprising a 10 m width each one). A total of 16 transects were sampled with lengths of 1.9 to 3 km (Table <xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">2</xref>). Sight and sound records within the sample area were considered contacts. All transects were sampled in the early morning, under appropriate climatic conditions. The observer walked at a constant speed of 2 to 4 km/h. Transects are repeated at least once per month, snow cover permitting. This implies that the sites located at the higher elevations were sampled only from late spring to early autumn.</p><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Information about transects sampled to collect data included in this dataset.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="all" id="TID0E6TBI"><tbody><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Transect name</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length (m)</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Habitat type</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Longitude</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Latitude</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Province</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Municipality</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Elevation (m asl)</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robledal de Cáñar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2556</td><td rowspan="4" colspan="1">Pyrenean oak Forest</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4292</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">36.9532</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cáñar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1736</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Robledal de Dílar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2553</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4779</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0582</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dílar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1605</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cortijo del Hornillo</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3044</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3680</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1246</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1585</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dehesa del Camarate</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2805</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.2537</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1797</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lugros</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1575</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dehesa del Río Dúrcal</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3292</td><td rowspan="4" colspan="1">Thorny thickets</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4825</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0255</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dúrcal</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2033</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Collado de Matas Verdes</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2237</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4470</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0909</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Monachil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1918</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">El Purche</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1944</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4780</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1311</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Monachil</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1453</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lanteira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2515</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.1725</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1409</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lanteira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1794</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Collado del Sabinar</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2745</td><td rowspan="4" colspan="1">Juniper scrublands</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.4184</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1199</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2036</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Campos de Otero</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2264</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3930</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1100</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2143</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Loma Papeles</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2539</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3401</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1434</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2113</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dehesa de las Hoyas</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2436</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3173</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1724</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2074</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Laguna Seca</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2530</td><td rowspan="4" colspan="1">High-summit ecosystems</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-2.9615</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0992</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huéneja</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2295</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aguas Verdes</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2431</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3589</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0540</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capileira</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3149</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hoya Mora</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2046</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3771</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.0896</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2407</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papeles alto</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2309</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLongitude">-3.3098</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimLatitude">37.1357</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Granada</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Güejar Sierra</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2420</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><p><bold>Method step description</bold>: All data were stored in a normalized database (PostgreSQL) and incorporated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory. Taxonomic and spatial validations were made on this database (see <italic>Quality-control description</italic>). A custom-made SQL view of the database was performed to gather occurrence data and other variables associated with occurrence data, specifically:</p><p>Bird Count: number of individuals recorded by the observer within transect (see <italic>Sampling description</italic>)</p><p>Distance: distance of the contact (bird) from transect line. The distance was estimated by eye.</p><p>The occurrence and measurement data were accommodated to fulfil the Darwin Core Standard (<xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Wieczorek et al. 2009</xref>, <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). We used Darwin Core Archive Validator tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/">http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/</ext-link>) to check whether the dataset met Darwin Core specifications. The <abbrev><def><p>Integrated Publishing Toolkit </p></def>(IPT</abbrev> v2.0.5) (<xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">Robertson et al. 2014</xref>) of the Spanish node of the <abbrev><def><p>Global Biodiversity Information Facility </p></def>(GBIF)</abbrev> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es/ipt">http://www.gbif.es/ipt</ext-link>) was used both to upload the Darwin Core Archive and to fill out the metadata.</p><p>The Darwin Core elements for the occurrence data included in the dataset were: occurrenceId, modified, language, basisOfRecord, institutionCode, collectionCode, catalogNumber, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, locality, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, decimalLongitude, decimalLatitude, coordinateUncertaintyinMeters, geodeticDatum, recordedBy, day, month, year, EventDate.</p><p>For the measurement data, the Darwin Core elements included were: occurrenceId, measurementID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementAccuracy, <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>measurementUnit, measurementDeterminedDate, measurementDeterminedBy, measurementMethod.</p><p><bold>Quality control description</bold>: The sampling transects were georeferenced using a hand held GPS device (WGS 84 Datum) with an accuracy of ±5 m. We also used colour digital orthophotographs provided by the Andalusian Cartography Institute and GIS (ArcGIS 9.2; ESRI, Redlands, California, USA) to verify that the geographical coordinates of the transects were correct (<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Chapman and Wieczorek 2006</xref>).</p><p>For field identification, several field guides were used (<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">De Juana and Varela 2000</xref>, <xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">Jonsson 2001</xref>). The scientific names were checked with database of the IOC World Bird List (v 5.52) (<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">Gill and Donsker 2015</xref>). We also used the R package taxize (<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Chamberlain and Szocs 2013</xref>, <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Chamberlain et al. 2014</xref>) to verify the taxonomical classification.</p><p>In addition, we performed validation procedures (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Chapman 2005a</xref>, <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">2005b</xref>) (geopraphic coordinate format, coordinates within country/provincial boundaries, absence of ASCII anomalous characters in the dataset) with DARWIN_TEST (v3.2) software (<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Ortega-Maqueda and Pando 2008</xref>).</p></sec><sec><title>Dataset description</title><p><bold>Object name</bold>: Darwin Core Archive Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</p><p><bold>Character encoding</bold>: UTF-8</p><p><bold>Format name</bold>: Darwin Core Archive format</p><p><bold>Format version</bold>: 1.0</p><p><bold>Distribution</bold>: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=passerine">http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=passerine</ext-link></p><p><bold>Publication date of data</bold>: 2015-10-08</p><p><bold>Language</bold>: English</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><bold>Licenses of use</bold>: This “<italic>Dataset of Passerine bird communities in a Mediterranean high mountain (Sierra Nevada, Spain)</italic>” is licensed under and made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode</ext-link></p><p><bold>Metadata language</bold>: English</p><p><bold>Date of metadata creation</bold>: 2015-10-08</p><p><bold>Hierarchy level</bold>: Dataset</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>This research work was conducted in the collaborative framework of the “Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory” Project from the Environment Department of Andalusian Regional Government (with the support of European Union FEDER Project), the Sierra Nevada National Park and the Spanish Biodiversity Foundation ("Fundación Biodiversidad"). Funding was provided by the Project MIGRAME (RNM 6734) from the Excellence Research Group Programme of the Andalusian Government. We thank to Ramón Pérez-Pérez for his valuable technical support in database queries; and to Katia Cezón and Franciso Pando (Spanish <abbrev xlink:title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</abbrev> node–CSIC) for technical support. We also thank David Nesbitt for linguistic advice. A. J. Pérez-Luque would like to thank the MICINN of the Government of Spain for the financial support (PTA 2011-6322-I). 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