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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel</title><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Luisa" sort="Pereira, Luisa" uniqKey="Pereira L" first="Luísa" last="Pereira">Luísa Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Ern, Viktor" sort=" Ern, Viktor" uniqKey=" Ern V" first="Viktor" last=" Ern">Viktor Ern</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Prague,<country>The</country><country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</institution>, Galicia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Nuno M" sort="Silva, Nuno M" uniqKey="Silva N" first="Nuno M" last="Silva">Nuno M. Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajek, Martin" sort="Hajek, Martin" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Martin" last="Hájek">Martin Hájek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Prague,<country>The</country><country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasikova, Alzb Ta" sort="Vasikova, Alzb Ta" uniqKey="Vasikova A" first="Alžb Ta" last="Vašíková">Alžb Ta Vašíková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kujanova, Martina" sort="Kujanova, Martina" uniqKey="Kujanova M" first="Martina" last="Kujanová">Martina Kujanová</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brdi Ka, Radim" sort="Brdi Ka, Radim" uniqKey="Brdi Ka R" first="Radim" last="Brdi Ka">Radim Brdi Ka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</institution>, Galicia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20234393</idno><idno type="pmc">2987384</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987384</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2987384</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ejhg.2010.21</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000013</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000013</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel</title><author><name sortKey="Pereira, Luisa" sort="Pereira, Luisa" uniqKey="Pereira L" first="Luísa" last="Pereira">Luísa Pereira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Ern, Viktor" sort=" Ern, Viktor" uniqKey=" Ern V" first="Viktor" last=" Ern">Viktor Ern</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Prague,<country>The</country><country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</institution>, Galicia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Nuno M" sort="Silva, Nuno M" uniqKey="Silva N" first="Nuno M" last="Silva">Nuno M. Silva</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajek, Martin" sort="Hajek, Martin" uniqKey="Hajek M" first="Martin" last="Hájek">Martin Hájek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Prague,<country>The</country><country>Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vasikova, Alzb Ta" sort="Vasikova, Alzb Ta" uniqKey="Vasikova A" first="Alžb Ta" last="Vašíková">Alžb Ta Vašíková</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kujanova, Martina" sort="Kujanova, Martina" uniqKey="Kujanova M" first="Martina" last="Kujanová">Martina Kujanová</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brdi Ka, Radim" sort="Brdi Ka, Radim" uniqKey="Brdi Ka R" first="Radim" last="Brdi Ka">Radim Brdi Ka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</institution>, Galicia,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">European Journal of Human Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1018-4813</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-5438</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Tuareg presently live in the Sahara and the Sahel. Their ancestors are commonly believed to be the Garamantes of the Libyan Fezzan, ever since it was suggested by authors of antiquity. Biological evidence, based on classical genetic markers, however, indicates kinship with the Beja of Eastern Sudan. Our study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and Y chromosome SNPs of three different southern Tuareg groups from Mali, Burkina Faso and the Republic of Niger reveals a West Eurasian-North African composition of their gene pool. The data show that certain genetic lineages could not have been introduced into this population earlier than ∼9000 years ago whereas local expansions establish a minimal date at around 3000 years ago. Some of the mtDNA haplogroups observed in the Tuareg population were involved in the post-Last Glacial Maximum human expansion from Iberian refugia towards both Europe and North Africa. Interestingly, no Near Eastern mtDNA lineages connected with the Neolithic expansion have been observed in our population sample. On the other hand, the Y chromosome SNPs data show that the paternal lineages can very probably be traced to the Near Eastern Neolithic demic expansion towards North Africa, a period that is otherwise concordant with the above-mentioned mtDNA expansion. The time frame for the migration of the Tuareg towards the African Sahel belt overlaps that of early Holocene climatic changes across the Sahara (from the optimal greening ∼10 000 YBP to the extant aridity beginning at ∼6000 YBP) and the migrations of other African nomadic peoples in the area.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Eur J Hum Genet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>European Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1018-4813</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-5438</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20234393</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2987384</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">ejhg201021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/ejhg.2010.21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Genetic diversity of Tuareg nomads</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>Luísa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Černý</surname><given-names>Viktor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cerezo</surname><given-names>María</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>Nuno M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hájek</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vašíková</surname><given-names>Alžběta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kujanová</surname><given-names>Martina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brdička</surname><given-names>Radim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salas</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP)</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto</institution>, Porto,<country>Portugal</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Prague,<country>The</country><country>Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela</institution>, Galicia,<country>Spain</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label><institution>Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label><institution>Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University</institution>, Prague,<country>The Czech Republic</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>, Letenska 4, 118 01, Prague 1, <country>The Czech Republic</country>. Tel: +420 2570 14304; Fax: +420 2575 32288; E-mail: <email>cerny@aup.cas.cz</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>08</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>915</fpage><lpage>923</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>The Tuareg presently live in the Sahara and the Sahel. Their ancestors are commonly believed to be the Garamantes of the Libyan Fezzan, ever since it was suggested by authors of antiquity. Biological evidence, based on classical genetic markers, however, indicates kinship with the Beja of Eastern Sudan. Our study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and Y chromosome SNPs of three different southern Tuareg groups from Mali, Burkina Faso and the Republic of Niger reveals a West Eurasian-North African composition of their gene pool. The data show that certain genetic lineages could not have been introduced into this population earlier than ∼9000 years ago whereas local expansions establish a minimal date at around 3000 years ago. Some of the mtDNA haplogroups observed in the Tuareg population were involved in the post-Last Glacial Maximum human expansion from Iberian refugia towards both Europe and North Africa. Interestingly, no Near Eastern mtDNA lineages connected with the Neolithic expansion have been observed in our population sample. On the other hand, the Y chromosome SNPs data show that the paternal lineages can very probably be traced to the Near Eastern Neolithic demic expansion towards North Africa, a period that is otherwise concordant with the above-mentioned mtDNA expansion. The time frame for the migration of the Tuareg towards the African Sahel belt overlaps that of early Holocene climatic changes across the Sahara (from the optimal greening ∼10 000 YBP to the extant aridity beginning at ∼6000 YBP) and the migrations of other African nomadic peoples in the area.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Tuareg</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>phylogeography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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