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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape</title><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Martin" sort="Richards, Martin" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Martin" last="Richards">Martin Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Fe, Tomas" sort="De La Fe, Tomas" uniqKey="De La Fe T" first="Tomás" last="De La Fe">Tomás De La Fe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lareu, Maria Victoria" sort="Lareu, Maria Victoria" uniqKey="Lareu M" first="María-Victoria" last="Lareu">María-Victoria Lareu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sobrino, Beatriz" sort="Sobrino, Beatriz" uniqKey="Sobrino B" first="Beatriz" last="Sobrino">Beatriz Sobrino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Diz, Paula" sort="Sanchez Diz, Paula" uniqKey="Sanchez Diz P" first="Paula" last="Sánchez-Diz">Paula Sánchez-Diz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macaulay, Vincent" sort="Macaulay, Vincent" uniqKey="Macaulay V" first="Vincent" last="Macaulay">Vincent Macaulay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">12395296</idno><idno type="pmc">385086</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC385086</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:385086</idno><date when="2002">2002</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000008</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000008</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape</title><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Martin" sort="Richards, Martin" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Martin" last="Richards">Martin Richards</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Fe, Tomas" sort="De La Fe, Tomas" uniqKey="De La Fe T" first="Tomás" last="De La Fe">Tomás De La Fe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lareu, Maria Victoria" sort="Lareu, Maria Victoria" uniqKey="Lareu M" first="María-Victoria" last="Lareu">María-Victoria Lareu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sobrino, Beatriz" sort="Sobrino, Beatriz" uniqKey="Sobrino B" first="Beatriz" last="Sobrino">Beatriz Sobrino</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez Diz, Paula" sort="Sanchez Diz, Paula" uniqKey="Sanchez Diz P" first="Paula" last="Sánchez-Diz">Paula Sánchez-Diz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macaulay, Vincent" sort="Macaulay, Vincent" uniqKey="Macaulay V" first="Vincent" last="Macaulay">Vincent Macaulay</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">American Journal of Human Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9297</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6605</idno><imprint><date when="2002">2002</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Africa presents the most complex genetic picture of any continent, with a time depth for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages >100,000 years. The most recent widespread demographic shift within the continent was most probably the Bantu dispersals, which archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest originated in West Africa 3,000–4,000 years ago, spreading both east and south. Here, we have carried out a thorough phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in a total of 2,847 samples from throughout the continent, including 307 new sequences from southeast African Bantu speakers. The results suggest that the southeast Bantu speakers have a composite origin on the maternal line of descent, with ∼44% of lineages deriving from West Africa, ∼21% from either West or Central Africa, ∼30% from East Africa, and ∼5% from southern African Khoisan-speaking groups. The ages of the major founder types of both West and East African origin are consistent with the likely timing of Bantu dispersals, with those from the west somewhat predating those from the east. Despite this composite picture, the southeastern African Bantu groups are indistinguishable from each other with respect to their mtDNA, suggesting that they either had a common origin at the point of entry into southeastern Africa or have undergone very extensive gene flow since.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Hum Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AJHG</journal-id><journal-title>American Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9297</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6605</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The American Society of Human Genetics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">12395296</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">385086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">024272</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape</article-title><alt-title>The African mtDNA Landscape</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salas</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1,2,3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richards</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De la Fe</surname><given-names>Tomás</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lareu</surname><given-names>María-Victoria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sobrino</surname><given-names>Beatriz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sánchez-Diz</surname><given-names>Paula</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Macaulay</surname><given-names>Vincent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carracedo</surname><given-names>Ángel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="N0x919eb80.0x94766a0"><sup>1</sup>Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain;<sup>2</sup>Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; and<sup>3</sup>Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford</aff><author-notes><corresp>Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr. Antonio Salas, Unidad de Genética Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. E-mail: <email>apimlase@usc.es</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2002</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2002</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1082</fpage><lpage>1111</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day><month>7</month><year>2002</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day><month>8</month><year>2002</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2002 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2002</copyright-year><self-uri>12395296</self-uri><abstract><p>Africa presents the most complex genetic picture of any continent, with a time depth for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages >100,000 years. The most recent widespread demographic shift within the continent was most probably the Bantu dispersals, which archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest originated in West Africa 3,000–4,000 years ago, spreading both east and south. Here, we have carried out a thorough phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in a total of 2,847 samples from throughout the continent, including 307 new sequences from southeast African Bantu speakers. The results suggest that the southeast Bantu speakers have a composite origin on the maternal line of descent, with ∼44% of lineages deriving from West Africa, ∼21% from either West or Central Africa, ∼30% from East Africa, and ∼5% from southern African Khoisan-speaking groups. The ages of the major founder types of both West and East African origin are consistent with the likely timing of Bantu dispersals, with those from the west somewhat predating those from the east. Despite this composite picture, the southeastern African Bantu groups are indistinguishable from each other with respect to their mtDNA, suggesting that they either had a common origin at the point of entry into southeastern Africa or have undergone very extensive gene flow since.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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