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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations</title><author><name sortKey="Luis, J R" sort="Luis, J R" uniqKey="Luis J" first="J. R." last="Luis">J. R. Luis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowold, D J" sort="Rowold, D J" uniqKey="Rowold D" first="D. J." last="Rowold">D. J. Rowold</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regueiro, M" sort="Regueiro, M" uniqKey="Regueiro M" first="M." last="Regueiro">M. Regueiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Seccion de Antropoloxia, Facultade de Bioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caeiro, B" sort="Caeiro, B" uniqKey="Caeiro B" first="B." last="Caeiro">B. Caeiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Seccion de Antropoloxia, Facultade de Bioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cinnio Lu, C" sort="Cinnio Lu, C" uniqKey="Cinnio Lu C" first="C." last="Cinnio Lu">C. Cinnio Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roseman, C" sort="Roseman, C" uniqKey="Roseman C" first="C." last="Roseman">C. Roseman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, P A" sort="Underhill, P A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="P. A." last="Underhill">P. A. Underhill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalli Sforza, L L" sort="Cavalli Sforza, L L" uniqKey="Cavalli Sforza L" first="L. L." last="Cavalli-Sforza">L. L. Cavalli-Sforza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, R J" sort="Herrera, R J" uniqKey="Herrera R" first="R. J." last="Herrera">R. J. Herrera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">14973781</idno><idno type="pmc">1182266</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182266</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1182266</idno><date when="2004">2004</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000003</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000003</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations</title><author><name sortKey="Luis, J R" sort="Luis, J R" uniqKey="Luis J" first="J. R." last="Luis">J. R. Luis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowold, D J" sort="Rowold, D J" uniqKey="Rowold D" first="D. J." last="Rowold">D. J. Rowold</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Regueiro, M" sort="Regueiro, M" uniqKey="Regueiro M" first="M." last="Regueiro">M. Regueiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Seccion de Antropoloxia, Facultade de Bioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caeiro, B" sort="Caeiro, B" uniqKey="Caeiro B" first="B." last="Caeiro">B. Caeiro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Seccion de Antropoloxia, Facultade de Bioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cinnio Lu, C" sort="Cinnio Lu, C" uniqKey="Cinnio Lu C" first="C." last="Cinnio Lu">C. Cinnio Lu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roseman, C" sort="Roseman, C" uniqKey="Roseman C" first="C." last="Roseman">C. Roseman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, P A" sort="Underhill, P A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="P. A." last="Underhill">P. A. Underhill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalli Sforza, L L" sort="Cavalli Sforza, L L" uniqKey="Cavalli Sforza L" first="L. L." last="Cavalli-Sforza">L. L. Cavalli-Sforza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrera, R J" sort="Herrera, R J" uniqKey="Herrera R" first="R. J." last="Herrera">R. J. Herrera</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">American Journal of Human Genetics</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9297</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6605</idno><imprint><date when="2004">2004</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Paleoanthropological evidence indicates that both the Levantine corridor and the Horn of Africa served, repeatedly, as migratory corridors between Africa and Eurasia. We have begun investigating the roles of these passageways in bidirectional migrations of anatomically modern humans, by analyzing 45 informative biallelic markers as well as 10 microsatellite loci on the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 121 and 147 extant males from Oman and northern Egypt, respectively. The present study uncovers three important points concerning these demic movements: (1) The E3b1-M78 and E3b3-M123 lineages, as well as the R1*-M173 lineages, mark gene flow between Egypt and the Levant during the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. (2) In contrast, the Horn of Africa appears to be of minor importance in the human migratory movements between Africa and Eurasia represented by these chromosomes, an observation based on the frequency distributions of E3b*-M35 (no known downstream mutations) and M173. (3) The areal diffusion patterns of G-M201, J-12f2, the derivative M173 haplogroups, and M2 suggest more recent genetic associations between the Middle East and Africa, involving the Levantine corridor and/or Arab slave routes. Affinities to African groups were also evaluated by determining the NRY haplogroup composition in 434 samples from seven sub-Saharan African populations. Oman and Egypt’s NRY frequency distributions appear to be much more similar to those of the Middle East than to any sub-Saharan African population, suggesting a much larger Eurasian genetic component. Finally, the overall phylogeographic profile reveals several clinal patterns and genetic partitions that may indicate source, direction, and relative timing of different waves of dispersals and expansions involving these nine populations.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Hum Genet</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AJHG</journal-id><journal-title>American Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9297</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6605</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The American Society Of Human Genetics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">14973781</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1182266</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations</article-title><alt-title>African Corridors of Human Migrations</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luis</surname><given-names>J. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">1,2,</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rowold</surname><given-names>D. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">1,</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Regueiro</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caeiro</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cinnioğlu</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roseman</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Underhill</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cavalli-Sforza</surname><given-names>L. L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Herrera</surname><given-names>R. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="N0x8b088f8.0x9a2ae48"><sup>1</sup>Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami;<sup>2</sup>Seccion de Antropoloxia, Facultade de Bioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; and<sup>3</sup>Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford</aff><author-notes><corresp>Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr. Rene J. Herrera, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199. E-mail: <email>herrerar@fiu.edu</email></corresp><fn id="FN1"><label>*</label><p>These two authors contributed equally to the article.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>532</fpage><lpage>544</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2003</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2003</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2004 by The American Society Of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year><self-uri>14973781</self-uri><abstract><p>Paleoanthropological evidence indicates that both the Levantine corridor and the Horn of Africa served, repeatedly, as migratory corridors between Africa and Eurasia. We have begun investigating the roles of these passageways in bidirectional migrations of anatomically modern humans, by analyzing 45 informative biallelic markers as well as 10 microsatellite loci on the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) in 121 and 147 extant males from Oman and northern Egypt, respectively. The present study uncovers three important points concerning these demic movements: (1) The E3b1-M78 and E3b3-M123 lineages, as well as the R1*-M173 lineages, mark gene flow between Egypt and the Levant during the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. (2) In contrast, the Horn of Africa appears to be of minor importance in the human migratory movements between Africa and Eurasia represented by these chromosomes, an observation based on the frequency distributions of E3b*-M35 (no known downstream mutations) and M173. (3) The areal diffusion patterns of G-M201, J-12f2, the derivative M173 haplogroups, and M2 suggest more recent genetic associations between the Middle East and Africa, involving the Levantine corridor and/or Arab slave routes. Affinities to African groups were also evaluated by determining the NRY haplogroup composition in 434 samples from seven sub-Saharan African populations. Oman and Egypt’s NRY frequency distributions appear to be much more similar to those of the Middle East than to any sub-Saharan African population, suggesting a much larger Eurasian genetic component. Finally, the overall phylogeographic profile reveals several clinal patterns and genetic partitions that may indicate source, direction, and relative timing of different waves of dispersals and expansions involving these nine populations.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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