Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil
Identifieur interne : 000151 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000150; suivant : 000152Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil
Auteurs : Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior ; Rafael Bisso-Machado ; Andrea Marrero ; Tábita Hünemeier ; Francisco M. Salzano ; Maria Cátira BortoliniSource :
- Genetics and Molecular Biology [ 1415-4757 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Two hundred and three individuals classified as white were tested for 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus two insertion/deletions in their Y-chromosomes. A subset of these individuals (n = 172) was also screened for sequences in the first hypervariable segment of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, complementary studies were done for 11 of the 13 markers indicated above in 54 of 107 black subjects previously investigated in this southern Brazilian population. The prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroups among whites was similar to that found in the Azores (Portugal) or Spain, but not to that of other European countries. About half of the European or African mtDNA haplogroups of these individuals were related to their places of origin, but not their Amerindian counterparts. Persons classified in these two categories of skin color and related morphological traits showed distinct genomic ancestries through the country. These findings emphasize the need to consider in Brazil, despite some general trends, a notable heterogeneity in the pattern of admixture dynamics within and between populations/groups.
Url:
DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572009005000001
PubMed: 21637639
PubMed Central: 3032968
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" sort="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" uniqKey="Guerreiro Junior V" first="Vanderlei" last="Guerreiro-Junior">Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bisso Machado, Rafael" sort="Bisso Machado, Rafael" uniqKey="Bisso Machado R" first="Rafael" last="Bisso-Machado">Rafael Bisso-Machado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marrero, Andrea" sort="Marrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Marrero A" first="Andrea" last="Marrero">Andrea Marrero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hunemeier, Tabita" sort="Hunemeier, Tabita" uniqKey="Hunemeier T" first="Tábita" last="Hünemeier">Tábita Hünemeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salzano, Francisco M" sort="Salzano, Francisco M" uniqKey="Salzano F" first="Francisco M." last="Salzano">Francisco M. Salzano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bortolini, Maria Catira" sort="Bortolini, Maria Catira" uniqKey="Bortolini M" first="Maria Cátira" last="Bortolini">Maria Cátira Bortolini</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21637639</idno><idno type="pmc">3032968</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032968</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3032968</idno><idno type="doi">10.1590/S1415-47572009005000001</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000188</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000188</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000187</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000187</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000151</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000151</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" sort="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" uniqKey="Guerreiro Junior V" first="Vanderlei" last="Guerreiro-Junior">Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bisso Machado, Rafael" sort="Bisso Machado, Rafael" uniqKey="Bisso Machado R" first="Rafael" last="Bisso-Machado">Rafael Bisso-Machado</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marrero, Andrea" sort="Marrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Marrero A" first="Andrea" last="Marrero">Andrea Marrero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hunemeier, Tabita" sort="Hunemeier, Tabita" uniqKey="Hunemeier T" first="Tábita" last="Hünemeier">Tábita Hünemeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salzano, Francisco M" sort="Salzano, Francisco M" uniqKey="Salzano F" first="Francisco M." last="Salzano">Francisco M. Salzano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bortolini, Maria Catira" sort="Bortolini, Maria Catira" uniqKey="Bortolini M" first="Maria Cátira" last="Bortolini">Maria Cátira Bortolini</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genetics and Molecular Biology</title><idno type="ISSN">1415-4757</idno><idno type="eISSN">1678-4685</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Two hundred and three individuals classified as white were tested for 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus two insertion/deletions in their Y-chromosomes. A subset of these individuals (n = 172) was also screened for sequences in the first hypervariable segment of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, complementary studies were done for 11 of the 13 markers indicated above in 54 of 107 black subjects previously investigated in this southern Brazilian population. The prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroups among whites was similar to that found in the Azores (Portugal) or Spain, but not to that of other European countries. About half of the European or African mtDNA haplogroups of these individuals were related to their places of origin, but not their Amerindian counterparts. Persons classified in these two categories of skin color and related morphological traits showed distinct genomic ancestries through the country. These findings emphasize the need to consider in Brazil, despite some general trends, a notable heterogeneity in the pattern of admixture dynamics within and between populations/groups.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abe Sandes, K" uniqKey="Abe Sandes K">K. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genet Mol Biol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">GMB</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Genetics and Molecular Biology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1415-4757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1678-4685</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Genética</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21637639</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3032968</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S1415-47572009005000001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Human and Medical Genetics</subject><subj-group><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Historical genetics in Brazil</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Guerreiro-Junior</surname><given-names>Vanderlei</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Bisso-Machado</surname><given-names>Rafael</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Marrero</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Hünemeier</surname><given-names>Tábita</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no"><name><surname>Salzano</surname><given-names>Francisco M.</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Bortolini</surname><given-names>Maria Cátira</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS</institution><country>Brazil</country></aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN990">Send correspondence to Maria Cátira Bortolini. Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: <email>maria.bortolini@ufrgs.br</email>.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Jan-Mar</season><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>1</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>1</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day><month>5</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Two hundred and three individuals classified as white were tested for 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms plus two insertion/deletions in their Y-chromosomes. A subset of these individuals (n = 172) was also screened for sequences in the first hypervariable segment of their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In addition, complementary studies were done for 11 of the 13 markers indicated above in 54 of 107 black subjects previously investigated in this southern Brazilian population. The prevalence of Y-chromosome haplogroups among whites was similar to that found in the Azores (Portugal) or Spain, but not to that of other European countries. About half of the European or African mtDNA haplogroups of these individuals were related to their places of origin, but not their Amerindian counterparts. Persons classified in these two categories of skin color and related morphological traits showed distinct genomic ancestries through the country. These findings emphasize the need to consider in Brazil, despite some general trends, a notable heterogeneity in the pattern of admixture dynamics within and between populations/groups.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd> admixture dynamics</kwd><kwd>mtDNA</kwd><kwd>Y-chromosome markers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p> Y-SNP haplogroup frequencies in Porto Alegre residents classified as white or black compared with individuals from another Brazilian city (Rio de Janeiro) and European populations.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Geographic origin</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DE</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E3A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R1*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R1a1*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R1b3*</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R1b3f</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brazil</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Porto Alegre whites<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">203</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.104</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.078</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.108</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.515</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.029</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Porto Alegre blacks<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.259</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.074</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.018</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.055</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.131</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rio de Janeiro unclassified<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.119</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.079</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.023</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.102</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.071</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.055</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.024</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.512</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Azores<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.090</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.083</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.066</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.133</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Azores<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.130</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.059</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.021</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.560</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Portugal<sup>e</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">657</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.123</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.057</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.076</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.104</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.577</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.022</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spain<sup>f</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">380</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.102</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.005</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.034</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.113</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.110</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.045</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.541</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.050</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Italy<sup>g</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1060</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.156</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.000</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.116</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.093</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.228</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.035</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.344</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Germany<sup>h</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1215</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.043</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.040</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.393</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.179</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poland<sup>h</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">913</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.050</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.173</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.042</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.116</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.571</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>Present study; <sup>b</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Silvaetal2006">Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>; <sup>c</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Goncalvesetal2005">Gonçalves <italic>et al.</italic> (2005)</xref>; <sup>d</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Montieletal2005">Montiel <italic>et al.</italic> (2005)</xref>; <sup>e</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Belezaetal2006">Beleza <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>; <sup>f</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Floresetal2003">Flores <italic>et al.</italic> (2003)</xref>; <sup>g</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Capellietal2006">Capelli <italic>et al.</italic> (2006</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Capellietal2007">2007</xref>); <sup>h</sup> Kayser <italic>et al.</italic> (2005).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p> mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups in Porto Alegre residents classified as black or white.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lineage</td><td valign="top" colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Number of sequences
<hr></hr></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HVS-I mutations<sup>a</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Haplogroup<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Origin</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">#</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">White</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Black<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">rCRS</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">261</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">354</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">168</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124 354</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93 304</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">209</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">233</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 300 325</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">361</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H1a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">304</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 223</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 192</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 193 300 309</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 366</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 222</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 145 231 261</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J2a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 93 126 261 274 355</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J2a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 261</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J2a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 145 172 222 261</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J1b1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 145 172 222 261 305T</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J1b1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 126 193 278</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J1c</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 111 126</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J1c</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">188 224 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">224 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 224 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86 224 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93 224 290 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93 224 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 223 291 298</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M or I</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 183C 189 249 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M1 or U1a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 145 176G 223 260</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145 176G 223</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 292 294</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 126 294</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 163 186 189 284 294</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 254 294 296 304</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 294 296 304</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 294 296 304 360</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 193 294 296 304 357</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 294 296 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 193 294 296 304</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T2b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 220 292 294</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 163 186 189 294</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">T3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 129C 183C 189</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U2e</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 319 356</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 256 270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">256 270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">167 192 256 270 311 318</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 256 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">256 270 342</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U5a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172 183C 189 219 278</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U6a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172 183C 189 278</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">U6a</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">153 298</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">298</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187 298 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">291 298</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 223 278</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">X</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 223 278 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 223 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 223 290 319</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 129 223 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 126 223 259 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 223 266 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 223 269 290 319 360 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 111 223 290 319 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 183C 189 217</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 217</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 183C 189 217 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">178 183C 189 217</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 189 217</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">183C 189 217</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 217 249 312 344</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 217 311 319</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 217 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 298 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 123 298 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 224 298 311 325 327 356</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 270 298 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 207 223 298 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">051 172 223 295 298 325 327 335</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185 209 223 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187 223 290 325</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">051 223 298 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 298 325 327 356</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">051 223 287 298 311 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 298 325 327 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 325 327</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 239 288 325 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 223 325 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">102</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 325 362</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">D</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 172 187 188G 189 223 230 311 320</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L0a2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 148 168 172 187 188G 189 223 230 278 293 311 320</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L0a1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 129 179 187 189 218 223 230 243 290 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L0d</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">106</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 126 187 189 223 239 270 278 293 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 126 187 189 215 223 264 270 278 293 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 187 189 223 264 270 278 293 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 187 189 223 264 270 278 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1b</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">110</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129 187 189 223 274 278 293 294 311 360</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1c1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134 187 213 223 265C 274 278 286G 360</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1c2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 223 265C 278 286G 294 311 343T 360</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1c2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">113</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 213 223 239 278 294 309 390</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L2a1β1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">223 292 320</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L3e2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86 149T 152A 223 248 320 355</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L3e2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">209 223 311</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L3f</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Several<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Several<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>The nucleotide positions considered for the analyses were from 16,050 to 16,391. Note that a value of 16,000 has been subtracted from each nucleotide position to make this column easier to read. Sequences were aligned with the revised reference sequence (rCRS; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Andrewsetal1999">Andrews <italic>et al.</italic>, 1999</xref>). <sup>b</sup>Haplogroup nomenclature is that recommended in the literature (see text). Those cases in which HVS-I information alone did not allow the identification of specific haplogroups were classified based on probabilities. <sup>c</sup>Complete information about the African lineages observed in Porto Alegre blacks can be found in <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p> Estimates of parental contribution based on mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers in whites and blacks from Porto Alegre.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Samples and markers</td><td valign="top" colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Parental contribution (%)
<hr></hr></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">White</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> mtDNA</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Y-chromosome</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">< 1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study</td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Black</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> mtDNA</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Y-chromosome</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Present study; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p> Estimates of parental contribution using three set of markers and considering persons classified as white or black in different regions of Brazil.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Region and samples</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Genetic system</td><td valign="top" colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Parental contribution (%)<sup>a</sup><hr></hr></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">European</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">African</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Amerindian</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Whites</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Alves-Silvaetal2000">Alves-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2000)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Carvalho-Silvaetal2001">Carvalho-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2001)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48-2,054</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northeast</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Alves-Silvaetal2000">Alves-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2000)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Carvalho-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2003)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64-27,607</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Southeast</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Alves-Silvaetal2000">Alves-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2000)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Carvalho-Silvaetal2001">Carvalho-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2001)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89-60,270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">328</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Alves-Silvaetal2000">Alves-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2000)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Marreroetal2005">Marrero <italic>et al.</italic> (2005)</xref>; present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">255</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">< 1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Carvalho-Silvaetal2001">Carvalho-Silva <italic>et al.</italic> (2001)</xref>; present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107-5,527</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blacks</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Silva-Junioretal2006">Silva-Junior <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Ribeiro-dos-Santosetal2006">Ribeiro-dos-Santos <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ND</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38-482</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Northeast</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Bortolinietal1997">Bortolini <italic>et al.</italic> (1997)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Silva-Junioretal2006">Silva-Junior <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Abe-Sandesetal2004">Abe-Sandes <italic>et al.</italic> (2004)</xref></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30-38,898</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Southeast</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">233</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Silva-Junioretal2006">Silva-Junior <italic>et al.</italic> (2006)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Goncalvesetal2007">Gonçalves <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>; Hünemeir <italic>et al.</italic> (2007); present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">288</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Abe-Sandesetal2004">Abe-Sandes <italic>et al.</italic> (2004)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Goncalvesetal2007">Gonçalves <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>; present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">378-33,534</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">226</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">mtDNA<sup>b</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Bortolinietal1997">Bortolini <italic>et al.</italic> (1997)</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>; present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y-chromosome<sup>c</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="Hunemeieretal2007">Hünemeier <italic>et al.</italic> (2007)</xref>; present study</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53-3,236</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bi-parental loci<sup>d</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="SalzanoandBortolini2002">Salzano and Bortolini (2002)</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>ND = No data available; <sup>b</sup>HVS-I sequences and SNPs in the mtDNA codifying region; <sup>c</sup>SNPs in the non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome; <sup>d</sup>Classic blood group plus protein polymorphisms.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bisso Machado, Rafael" sort="Bisso Machado, Rafael" uniqKey="Bisso Machado R" first="Rafael" last="Bisso-Machado">Rafael Bisso-Machado</name><name sortKey="Bortolini, Maria Catira" sort="Bortolini, Maria Catira" uniqKey="Bortolini M" first="Maria Cátira" last="Bortolini">Maria Cátira Bortolini</name><name sortKey="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" sort="Guerreiro Junior, Vanderlei" uniqKey="Guerreiro Junior V" first="Vanderlei" last="Guerreiro-Junior">Vanderlei Guerreiro-Junior</name><name sortKey="Hunemeier, Tabita" sort="Hunemeier, Tabita" uniqKey="Hunemeier T" first="Tábita" last="Hünemeier">Tábita Hünemeier</name><name sortKey="Marrero, Andrea" sort="Marrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Marrero A" first="Andrea" last="Marrero">Andrea Marrero</name><name sortKey="Salzano, Francisco M" sort="Salzano, Francisco M" uniqKey="Salzano F" first="Francisco M." last="Salzano">Francisco M. Salzano</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3032968
|texte= Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:21637639" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a TamazightV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |