Portuguese crypto-Jews: the genetic heritage of a complex history
Identifieur interne : 000177 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000176; suivant : 000178Portuguese crypto-Jews: the genetic heritage of a complex history
Auteurs : Inês Nogueiro [Portugal] ; João C. Teixeira [Allemagne] ; Ant Nio Amorim [Portugal] ; Leonor Gusmão [Portugal, Brésil] ; Luis Alvarez [Portugal]Source :
- Frontiers in Genetics [ 1664-8021 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The first documents mentioning Jewish people in Iberia are from the Visigothic period. It was also in this period that the first documented anti-Judaic persecution took place. Other episodes of persecution would happen again and again during the long troubled history of the Jewish people in Iberia and culminated with the Decrees of Expulsion and the establishment of the Inquisition: some Jews converted to Catholicism while others resisted and were forcedly baptized, becoming the first Iberian Crypto-Jews. In the 18th century the official discrimination and persecution carried out by the Inquisition ended and several Jewish communities emerged in Portugal. From a populational genetics point of view, the worldwide Diaspora of contemporary Jewish communities has been intensely studied. Nevertheless, very little information is available concerning Sephardic and Iberian Crypto-Jewish descendants. Data from the Iberian Peninsula, the original geographic source of Sephardic Jews, is limited to two populations in Portugal, Belmonte, and Bragança district, and the Chueta community from Mallorca. Belmonte was the first Jewish community studied for uniparental markers. The construction of a reference model for the history of the Portuguese Jewish communities, in which the genetic and classical historical data interplay dynamically, is still ongoing. Recently an enlarged sample covering a wide region in the Northeast Portugal was undertaken, allowing the genetic profiling of male and female lineages. A Jewish specific shared female lineage (HV0b) was detected between the community of Belmonte and Bragança. In contrast to what was previously described as a hallmark of the Portuguese Jews, an unexpectedly high polymorphism of lineages was found in Bragança, showing a surprising resistance to the erosion of genetic diversity typical of small-sized isolate populations, as well as signs of admixture with the Portuguese host population.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00012
PubMed: 25699075
PubMed Central: 4313780
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PMC:4313780Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The first documents mentioning Jewish people in Iberia are from the Visigothic period. It was also in this period that the first documented anti-Judaic persecution took place. Other episodes of persecution would happen again and again during the long troubled history of the Jewish people in Iberia and culminated with the Decrees of Expulsion and the establishment of the Inquisition: some Jews converted to Catholicism while others resisted and were forcedly baptized, becoming the first Iberian Crypto-Jews. In the 18th century the official discrimination and persecution carried out by the Inquisition ended and several Jewish communities emerged in Portugal. From a populational genetics point of view, the worldwide Diaspora of contemporary Jewish communities has been intensely studied. Nevertheless, very little information is available concerning Sephardic and Iberian Crypto-Jewish descendants. Data from the Iberian Peninsula, the original geographic source of Sephardic Jews, is limited to two populations in Portugal, Belmonte, and Bragança district, and the Chueta community from Mallorca. Belmonte was the first Jewish community studied for uniparental markers. The construction of a reference model for the history of the Portuguese Jewish communities, in which the genetic and classical historical data interplay dynamically, is still ongoing. Recently an enlarged sample covering a wide region in the Northeast Portugal was undertaken, allowing the genetic profiling of male and female lineages. A Jewish specific shared female lineage (HV0b) was detected between the community of Belmonte and Bragança. In contrast to what was previously described as a hallmark of the Portuguese Jews, an unexpectedly high polymorphism of lineages was found in Bragança, showing a surprising resistance to the erosion of genetic diversity typical of small-sized isolate populations, as well as signs of admixture with the Portuguese host population.</p>
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Genet</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Genet.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Genetics</journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="epub">1664-8021</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25699075</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4313780</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fgene.2015.00012</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Genetics</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Portuguese crypto-Jews: the genetic heritage of a complex history</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nogueiro</surname>
<given-names>Inês</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn002"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/157622"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Teixeira</surname>
<given-names>João C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/205422"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amorim</surname>
<given-names>António</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/39765"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gusmão</surname>
<given-names>Leonor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/192234"></uri>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alvarez</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/192363"></uri>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
<institution>Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto</institution>
<country>Porto, Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
<institution>Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto</institution>
<country>Porto, Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
<institution>Instituto de Investigaç ao e Inovaç ao em Saúde, Universidade do Porto</institution>
<country>Porto, Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
<institution>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology</institution>
<country>Leipzig, Germany</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
<institution>DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro</institution>
<country>Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: <italic>Eran Elhaik, University of Sheffield, UK</italic>
</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: <italic>Eran Elhaik, University of Sheffield, UK; Luca Pagani, University of Cambridge, UK; Jill Bennett Gaieski, University of Pennsylvania, USA</italic>
</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn002">*Correspondence: <italic>Inês Nogueiro, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n 4200-465 Porto, Portugal e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">inogueiro@ipatimup.pt</email>
</italic>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn001"><p>This article was submitted to Evolutionary and Population Genetics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<elocation-id>12</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Nogueiro, Teixeira, Amorim, Gusmão and Alvarez.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p> This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The first documents mentioning Jewish people in Iberia are from the Visigothic period. It was also in this period that the first documented anti-Judaic persecution took place. Other episodes of persecution would happen again and again during the long troubled history of the Jewish people in Iberia and culminated with the Decrees of Expulsion and the establishment of the Inquisition: some Jews converted to Catholicism while others resisted and were forcedly baptized, becoming the first Iberian Crypto-Jews. In the 18th century the official discrimination and persecution carried out by the Inquisition ended and several Jewish communities emerged in Portugal. From a populational genetics point of view, the worldwide Diaspora of contemporary Jewish communities has been intensely studied. Nevertheless, very little information is available concerning Sephardic and Iberian Crypto-Jewish descendants. Data from the Iberian Peninsula, the original geographic source of Sephardic Jews, is limited to two populations in Portugal, Belmonte, and Bragança district, and the Chueta community from Mallorca. Belmonte was the first Jewish community studied for uniparental markers. The construction of a reference model for the history of the Portuguese Jewish communities, in which the genetic and classical historical data interplay dynamically, is still ongoing. Recently an enlarged sample covering a wide region in the Northeast Portugal was undertaken, allowing the genetic profiling of male and female lineages. A Jewish specific shared female lineage (HV0b) was detected between the community of Belmonte and Bragança. In contrast to what was previously described as a hallmark of the Portuguese Jews, an unexpectedly high polymorphism of lineages was found in Bragança, showing a surprising resistance to the erosion of genetic diversity typical of small-sized isolate populations, as well as signs of admixture with the Portuguese host population.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>crypto-Jews</kwd>
<kwd>Y chromosome</kwd>
<kwd>mtDNA</kwd>
<kwd>haplogroups</kwd>
<kwd>Portugal</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="4"></fig-count>
<table-count count="0"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="102"></ref-count>
<page-count count="12"></page-count>
<word-count count="0"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Portugal</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nogueiro, Ines" sort="Nogueiro, Ines" uniqKey="Nogueiro I" first="Inês" last="Nogueiro">Inês Nogueiro</name>
</noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Alvarez, Luis" sort="Alvarez, Luis" uniqKey="Alvarez L" first="Luis" last="Alvarez">Luis Alvarez</name>
<name sortKey="Amorim, Ant Nio" sort="Amorim, Ant Nio" uniqKey="Amorim A" first="Ant Nio" last="Amorim">Ant Nio Amorim</name>
<name sortKey="Amorim, Ant Nio" sort="Amorim, Ant Nio" uniqKey="Amorim A" first="Ant Nio" last="Amorim">Ant Nio Amorim</name>
<name sortKey="Amorim, Ant Nio" sort="Amorim, Ant Nio" uniqKey="Amorim A" first="Ant Nio" last="Amorim">Ant Nio Amorim</name>
<name sortKey="Gusmao, Leonor" sort="Gusmao, Leonor" uniqKey="Gusmao L" first="Leonor" last="Gusmão">Leonor Gusmão</name>
<name sortKey="Gusmao, Leonor" sort="Gusmao, Leonor" uniqKey="Gusmao L" first="Leonor" last="Gusmão">Leonor Gusmão</name>
<name sortKey="Nogueiro, Ines" sort="Nogueiro, Ines" uniqKey="Nogueiro I" first="Inês" last="Nogueiro">Inês Nogueiro</name>
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<country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Teixeira, Joao C" sort="Teixeira, Joao C" uniqKey="Teixeira J" first="João C." last="Teixeira">João C. Teixeira</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Brésil"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gusmao, Leonor" sort="Gusmao, Leonor" uniqKey="Gusmao L" first="Leonor" last="Gusmão">Leonor Gusmão</name>
</noRegion>
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</affiliations>
</record>
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