An assessment study of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum with energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman spectrometers
Identifieur interne : 000A73 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000A72; suivant : 000A74An assessment study of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum with energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman spectrometers
Auteurs : Gulsu Simsek ; A. Emel GeckinliSource :
- Journal of Raman Spectroscopy [ 0377-0486 ] ; 2012-07.
Abstract
A limited number of studies concerning Ottoman ceramic technology have been performed using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. The discovery of the ceramics, which were described as ‘Iznik’, at excavation sites outside of the city of Iznik, caused disagreements over the exact origin of Iznik products. In this study, bodies, glazes, and pigments of 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, which were supplied from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, and two reference tile fragments, known as Kütahya products, supplied from the demolished Surp Krikor Lusavoriç church and, additionally, two Iznik reference tiles were examined using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for the first time to determine the power of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy technique in differentiation of Ottoman tiles. In this work, bodies of the Kütahya tiles were found to be different than Iznik and Tekfur stone‐paste bodies, which are rich in clay rather than quartz. Two different lead‐alkali glaze compositions were found for Kütahya tiles; one was rich in PbO (over 35%) and the other one was rich in alkali (PbO less than 25%). Barite inclusions were detected in the bodies and in the glazes of some Ottoman tiles, which could be the fingerprint for the Kütahya products. It was found that the under glaze red decoration is essentially a mixture of hematite and quartz in different proportions. Shades of red decoration mainly depend on the amount of hematite in the mixture. Sixteenth century tomato red decoration contains more quartz compared with 17th century dark red decoration. This study showed that a similar technology was also applied at Kütahya in the 16th century. A linear correlation was found between the position of the Raman intense stretching peak Q3 and lead oxide content of lead‐alkali glazes, which could allow for the differentiation of Ottoman tiles based on the nondestructive Raman analysis. This study provides an important additional reference data and discussion for the Ottoman tiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/jrs.3108
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Raman Spectrosc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0377-0486</idno><idno type="eISSN">1097-4555</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-07">2012-07</date><biblScope unit="volume">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="917">917</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="927">927</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0377-0486</idno></series><idno type="istex">2FDBF1DD3D82B7F3070780EE0F875AD50B96611B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jrs.3108</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JRS3108</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0377-0486</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A limited number of studies concerning Ottoman ceramic technology have been performed using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. The discovery of the ceramics, which were described as ‘Iznik’, at excavation sites outside of the city of Iznik, caused disagreements over the exact origin of Iznik products. In this study, bodies, glazes, and pigments of 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, which were supplied from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, and two reference tile fragments, known as Kütahya products, supplied from the demolished Surp Krikor Lusavoriç church and, additionally, two Iznik reference tiles were examined using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for the first time to determine the power of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy technique in differentiation of Ottoman tiles. In this work, bodies of the Kütahya tiles were found to be different than Iznik and Tekfur stone‐paste bodies, which are rich in clay rather than quartz. Two different lead‐alkali glaze compositions were found for Kütahya tiles; one was rich in PbO (over 35%) and the other one was rich in alkali (PbO less than 25%). Barite inclusions were detected in the bodies and in the glazes of some Ottoman tiles, which could be the fingerprint for the Kütahya products. It was found that the under glaze red decoration is essentially a mixture of hematite and quartz in different proportions. Shades of red decoration mainly depend on the amount of hematite in the mixture. Sixteenth century tomato red decoration contains more quartz compared with 17th century dark red decoration. This study showed that a similar technology was also applied at Kütahya in the 16th century. A linear correlation was found between the position of the Raman intense stretching peak Q3 and lead oxide content of lead‐alkali glazes, which could allow for the differentiation of Ottoman tiles based on the nondestructive Raman analysis. This study provides an important additional reference data and discussion for the Ottoman tiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Gulsu Simsek</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak‐Istanbul, Turkey</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. 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Raman Spectrosc.</title><idno type="pISSN">0377-0486</idno><idno type="eISSN">1097-4555</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4555</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">43</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="917">917</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="927">927</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2FDBF1DD3D82B7F3070780EE0F875AD50B96611B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jrs.3108</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JRS3108</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-10-28</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>A limited number of studies concerning Ottoman ceramic technology have been performed using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. The discovery of the ceramics, which were described as ‘Iznik’, at excavation sites outside of the city of Iznik, caused disagreements over the exact origin of Iznik products. In this study, bodies, glazes, and pigments of 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, which were supplied from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, and two reference tile fragments, known as Kütahya products, supplied from the demolished Surp Krikor Lusavoriç church and, additionally, two Iznik reference tiles were examined using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for the first time to determine the power of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy technique in differentiation of Ottoman tiles. In this work, bodies of the Kütahya tiles were found to be different than Iznik and Tekfur stone‐paste bodies, which are rich in clay rather than quartz. Two different lead‐alkali glaze compositions were found for Kütahya tiles; one was rich in PbO (over 35%) and the other one was rich in alkali (PbO less than 25%). Barite inclusions were detected in the bodies and in the glazes of some Ottoman tiles, which could be the fingerprint for the Kütahya products. It was found that the under glaze red decoration is essentially a mixture of hematite and quartz in different proportions. Shades of red decoration mainly depend on the amount of hematite in the mixture. Sixteenth century tomato red decoration contains more quartz compared with 17th century dark red decoration. This study showed that a similar technology was also applied at Kütahya in the 16th century. A linear correlation was found between the position of the Raman intense stretching peak Q3 and lead oxide content of lead‐alkali glazes, which could allow for the differentiation of Ottoman tiles based on the nondestructive Raman analysis. This study provides an important additional reference data and discussion for the Ottoman tiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract style="graphical"><p>In this work, 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, were examined using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. 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Raman Spectrosc.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="70"><doi>10.1002/jrs.v43.7</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="43">43</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-07">July 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="150" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/jrs.3108</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JRS3108"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2011-07-06"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2011-10-14"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2011-10-15"></event><event type="xmlCreated" agent="SPi Global" date="2011-10-28"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2011-12-07"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2011-12-07"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-07-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">917</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">927</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Gulsu Simsek, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak‐Istanbul, Turkey. E‐mail: <email>gulsu.simsek@gmail.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JRS.JRS3108.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">An assessment study of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum with energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman spectrometers</title><title type="short">EDS and Raman spectrometry of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum</title><title type="shortAuthors">G. Simsek and A. E. Geckinli</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jrs3108-cr-0001" corresponding="yes" affiliationRef="#jrs3108-aff-0001" noteRef="#jrs3108-note-0001"><personName><givenNames>Gulsu</givenNames><familyName>Simsek</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>gulsu.simsek@gmail.com</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jrs3108-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>A. Emel</givenNames><familyName>Geckinli</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="jrs3108-aff-0001" countryCode="TR" type="organization"><orgDiv>Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering</orgDiv><orgName>Istanbul Technical University</orgName><address><postCode>34469</postCode><city>Maslak‐Istanbul</city><country>Turkey</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jrs3108-kwd-0001">Ottoman tiles</keyword><keyword xml:id="jrs3108-kwd-0002">glazes</keyword><keyword xml:id="jrs3108-kwd-0003">pigments</keyword><keyword xml:id="jrs3108-kwd-0004">Topkapı Palace Museum</keyword><keyword xml:id="jrs3108-kwd-0005">micro‐Raman spectroscopy</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><p>Supporting information can be found in the online version of this article.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/pdf" href="urn-x:wiley:03770486:media:jrs3108:jrs3108-sup-0001-jrs_3108_sm_figuresandtables"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting information</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p>A limited number of studies concerning Ottoman ceramic technology have been performed using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. The discovery of the ceramics, which were described as ‘<i>Iznik</i>’, at excavation sites outside of the city of Iznik, caused disagreements over the exact origin of Iznik products. In this study, bodies, glazes, and pigments of 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, which were supplied from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, and two reference tile fragments, known as Kütahya products, supplied from the demolished Surp Krikor Lusavoriç church and, additionally, two <i>Iznik</i> reference tiles were examined using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for the first time to determine the power of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy technique in differentiation of Ottoman tiles. In this work, bodies of the <i>Kütahya</i> tiles were found to be different than <i>Iznik</i> and <i>Tekfur</i> stone‐paste bodies, which are rich in clay rather than quartz. Two different lead‐alkali glaze compositions were found for <i>Kütahya</i> tiles; one was rich in PbO (over 35%) and the other one was rich in alkali (PbO less than 25%). Barite inclusions were detected in the bodies and in the glazes of some Ottoman tiles, which could be the fingerprint for the <i>Kütahya</i> products. It was found that the under glaze red decoration is essentially a mixture of hematite and quartz in different proportions. Shades of red decoration mainly depend on the amount of hematite in the mixture. Sixteenth century tomato red decoration contains more quartz compared with 17th century dark red decoration. This study showed that a similar technology was also applied at Kütahya in the 16th century. A linear correlation was found between the position of the Raman intense stretching peak Q<sub>3</sub> and lead oxide content of lead‐alkali glazes, which could allow for the differentiation of Ottoman tiles based on the nondestructive Raman analysis. This study provides an important additional reference data and discussion for the Ottoman tiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract type="graphical"><p>In this work, 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, were examined using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for differentiation of Ottoman tiles. <blockFixed type="graphic"><mediaResourceGroup><mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:03770486:media:jrs3108:jrs3108-toc-0001"></mediaResource></mediaResourceGroup></blockFixed></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="jrs3108-note-0001">Current address: Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Cook Hall, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208‐3108. Email: gulsu.simsek@northwestern.edu</note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>An assessment study of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum with energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman spectrometers</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>EDS and Raman spectrometry of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>An assessment study of tiles from Topkapı Palace Museum with energy‐dispersive X‐ray and Raman spectrometers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gulsu</namePart><namePart type="family">Simsek</namePart><affiliation>Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak‐Istanbul, Turkey</affiliation><description>Current address: Northwestern University, Materials Science and Engineering, Cook Hall, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208‐3108. Email: gulsu.simsek@northwestern.edu</description><description>Correspondence: Gulsu Simsek, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak‐Istanbul, Turkey. E‐mail: </description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. Emel</namePart><namePart type="family">Geckinli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-07</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-10-28</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-07-06</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-10-15</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>A limited number of studies concerning Ottoman ceramic technology have been performed using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. The discovery of the ceramics, which were described as ‘Iznik’, at excavation sites outside of the city of Iznik, caused disagreements over the exact origin of Iznik products. In this study, bodies, glazes, and pigments of 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, which were supplied from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, and two reference tile fragments, known as Kütahya products, supplied from the demolished Surp Krikor Lusavoriç church and, additionally, two Iznik reference tiles were examined using the scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for the first time to determine the power of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy technique in differentiation of Ottoman tiles. In this work, bodies of the Kütahya tiles were found to be different than Iznik and Tekfur stone‐paste bodies, which are rich in clay rather than quartz. Two different lead‐alkali glaze compositions were found for Kütahya tiles; one was rich in PbO (over 35%) and the other one was rich in alkali (PbO less than 25%). Barite inclusions were detected in the bodies and in the glazes of some Ottoman tiles, which could be the fingerprint for the Kütahya products. It was found that the under glaze red decoration is essentially a mixture of hematite and quartz in different proportions. Shades of red decoration mainly depend on the amount of hematite in the mixture. Sixteenth century tomato red decoration contains more quartz compared with 17th century dark red decoration. This study showed that a similar technology was also applied at Kütahya in the 16th century. A linear correlation was found between the position of the Raman intense stretching peak Q3 and lead oxide content of lead‐alkali glazes, which could allow for the differentiation of Ottoman tiles based on the nondestructive Raman analysis. This study provides an important additional reference data and discussion for the Ottoman tiles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><abstract type="graphical">In this work, 46 tile/ceramic shards of unknown origin, from the vaults of Topkapı Palace Museum, were examined using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy techniques. Results of both techniques were evaluated together for differentiation of Ottoman tiles.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Ottoman tiles</topic><topic>glazes</topic><topic>pigments</topic><topic>Topkapı Palace Museum</topic><topic>micro‐Raman spectroscopy</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Raman Spectroscopy</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Raman Spectrosc.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Supporting information can be found in the online version of this article.Supporting Info Item: Supporting information - </note><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0377-0486</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1097-4555</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4555</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JRS</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>43</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>917</start><end>927</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2FDBF1DD3D82B7F3070780EE0F875AD50B96611B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jrs.3108</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JRS3108</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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